• Stimulation of FPR by bacterial N formyl peptides

  2021-12-09

  

  Stimulation of FPR by bacterial N-formyl peptides induces basophil and mast Dihydro-β-erythroidine hydrobromide synthesis release of immunogenic compounds such as histamine [21], [31]. Furthermore, we demonstrated that histamine plays a role in F-MITs-induced sepsis-like symptoms since cimetidine,

• In addition to Rabs several proteins have

  2021-12-09

  

  In addition to Rabs, several proteins have been shown to interact with Rabphilin3a, for instance the GluN2A subunit of the NMDA receptor, PSD-95 ([56,57] and references therein), Rabaptin-5, α-actinin [16] and SNAP-25 [21,23,41,61]. Only the latter has been reported to participate in the AR. Explori

• Liposomes that are less than nm in

  2021-12-09

  

  Liposomes that are less than 200nm in diameter are necessary to optimize uptake of liposomes by phalloidin (Oesterling et al., 2014). The liposomes constructed in these experiments were found to be sufficiently small in diameter for use in in vivo and in vitro experiments. Even smaller diameters are

• Glycine released from astrocytes as well as neurons

  2021-12-09

  

  Glycine released from astrocytes as well as neurons is also known as a co-agonist of NMDAR (Roux and Supplisson, 2000). Neuronal glycine in mouse hippocampus might be released from glutamatergic terminals (Muller et al., 2013) that express functional 623 receptor receptors (Rodriguez et al., 1997).

• br Discussion Naloxone and CTAP were able to

  2021-12-08

  

  Discussion Naloxone and CTAP were able to alter the febrile response induced by gp120. This effect was particularly evident during the initial hours following gp120 administration (90–210min). We also investigated the potential role of the delta-2 opioid receptor in gp120-induced fever. The delta

• br Conclusion br Conflict of interest statement br

  2021-12-08

  

  Conclusion Conflict of interest statement Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (MCB-1817417 to S.D.) and National Institutes of Health (R01-GM72711 to A.C.D.). We thank members of the Delaney laboratory for careful reading of the manuscript and helpful

• In the spinal cord EAAT constitutes of all

  2021-12-08

  

  In the spinal cord, EAAT1 constitutes 40% of all high-affinity EAATs, and it is abundantly present in lumbar dorsal horn (Queen et al., 2007). In physiological conditions, EAATs remove glutamate from the synaptic cleft by co-transporting glutamate and sodium into adjacent glial cells. The inefficien

• It is well known that GPCR responsiveness desensitizes

  2021-12-08

  

  It is well known that GPCR responsiveness desensitizes after prolonged exposure to agonists through several mechanisms such as receptor phosphorylation, arrestin binding and internalization (Dhami and Ferguson, 2006). Therefore, in the present work we decided to study whether group I-mGluR signaling

• Limitations of our study are the following we did

  2021-12-08

  

  Limitations of our study are the following: we did not measure central energy metabolism in parallel, so we can only hypothesize that GLUT1 hypermethylation may be associated with alterations in central glucose metabolism. We did not measure GLUT1/GLUT4 gene expression or glucose uptake, so that we

• In a series of experiments the

  2021-12-08

  

  In a series of experiments, the clotrimazole concentration was varied and the NSVDC channel conductances were calculated from Eq. (1) to obtain the dose-response relation (Fig. 3). The data were fitted to the Michaelis–Menten-type activation curve (Eq. (3)) and gave an EC50 value of 14 μM and a dose

• By association a possible mechanism which may

  2021-12-08

  

  By association, a possible mechanism which may underlie the progression of seizures is long-term potentiation (LTP). Indeed, LTP shares many common mechanisms with seizures activity both anatomically and physiologically, and has been implicated as a mechanism of acute epileptogenesis (Wasterlain et

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgment M D

  2021-12-08

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgment M.D.P. lab is supported by the EPFL and Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF grant No. 200020_157153). Introduction As amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) accumulation in the cox 2 inhibitor starts in the very early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology (Ba

• Studies on FXR knockout mice demonstrated

  2021-12-08

  

  Studies on FXR knockout mice demonstrated that FXR activity is necessary to maintain a proper integrity of intestinal tight junction [18]. HF diet-induced bowel dysfunction impaired FXR activity and affected fecal BA profile. Generally, it augmented the concentration of secondary BAs in the colon e.

• br Introduction Farnesoid X receptor FXR is a bile acid

  2021-12-08

  

  Introduction Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a bile BIBR-1048 regulated nuclear receptor highly expressed in the liver, intestine, kidney and adrenal glands in rodents.1, 2, 3, 4 FXR regulates transport proteins, the bile salt export pump (BSEP) and the organic solute transporter α (OSTα) that are

• These observations are of particular interest in the context

  2021-12-08

  

  These observations are of particular interest in the context of recent conceptual changes regarding the mechanisms by which different types of leukocytes contribute to atherogenesis. Over the last decade, the paradigm of the predominant circulatory origin of lesional macrophages has been challenged

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