• Canonical and non canonical Wnt signaling pathways

  2022-02-08

  

  Canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways play essential roles in various cellular activities, including cell fate determination, proliferation, migration and gene expression [57]. The canonical Wnt pathway (β-catenin dependent pathway), is activated by the binding of Wnt ligands, leading t

• Considering the fact that NADPH oxidase is the main source

  2022-02-08

  

  Considering the fact that NADPH oxidase is the main source for paraquat and maneb-induced oxidative stress, we hypothesized that NADPH oxidase activation might contribute to dopaminergic neurodegeneration induced by paraquat and maneb through ferroptosis. To test our hypothesis, we investigated the

• br Application of TIRFM to visualizing exocytosis TIRFM was

  2022-02-08

  

  Application of TIRFM to visualizing exocytosis TIRFM was first used to visualize exocytosis from large secretory granules from chromaffin U 73343 (Steyer et al., 1997). Before that, visualization of secretory organelle was strictly limited to a few exceptions, such as mast cell of mutant mice, o

• br Conclusion br Acknowledgement br Introduction Biogenic am

  2022-02-08

  

  Conclusion Acknowledgement Introduction Biogenic amine histamine is synthesized from L-histidine by histidine decarboxylase (HDC). Histamine is involved in a wide variety of pathological and physiological processes including allergic reactions, inflammation, immune responses, gastric secret

• The Hedgehog signaling pathway HH pathway hereafter is vital

  2022-02-08

  

  The Hedgehog signaling pathway (HH pathway hereafter) is vital for development and tissue homeostasis. [4] In recent years, studying the role of the HH pathway in carcinogenesis and cancer stemness has highlighted the HH inhibitors as putative cancer therapeutics [5]. However, clinical application o

• A few animal and cell culture studies have

  2022-02-08

  

  A few animal and cell culture studies have been reported that the reason of HCV-related hepatic steatosis in CHC infection is mainly HCV core protein (Chang et al., 2007; Perlemuter et al., 2002; Ferré, 2004). HCV core protein inhibits activities of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) and

• br Cholecystokinin CCK CCK is secreted by enteroendocrine I

  2022-02-08

  

  Cholecystokinin (CCK) CCK is secreted by enteroendocrine I-cells of the duodenum and jejunum in response to amino acids and lipids [14]. There are two forms of the CCK receptor, CCK1 which is expressed on pancreatic α- and β-cells while CCK2 is located on somatostatin-secreting δ-cells [8]. CCK r

• Materials and Methods br Results br Discussion Activation

  2022-02-08

  

  Materials and Methods Results Discussion Activation of TLRs by damage-associated patterns is a well-recognized trigger for inflammation. TLR ligation results in a large increase in glycolytic metabolism in macrophages and other immune cells,12, 27 and we hypothesized that the glycolytic metab

• TXNIP interacts with various proteins including

  2022-02-07

  

  TXNIP interacts with various proteins, including NLRP3 (Yoshihara et al., 2014, Zhou et al., 2010). Emerging evidence suggests that TXNIP plays a role in ER stress-mediated cell death and in the NLRP3 inflammasome activation step (Abderrazak et al., 2015, Lerner et al., 2012, Oslowski et al., 2012,

• microRNAs miRNAs of approximately nucleotides play vital

  2022-02-05

  

  microRNAs (miRNAs) of approximately 22 nucleotides play vital roles in cancer development and progression by regulating translational repression or decay of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) through their binding to the 3′-untranslated regions (3′-UTRs) of target mRNAs with imprecise or precise compleme

• Compounds and were synthesized according to The synthesis of

  2022-02-04

  

  Compounds –, , and were synthesized according to . The synthesis of compounds – commences with C-acylation of 3,4-dibromothiophene to the form ketone , the ring closure to form the ester , Hiyama cross-coupling or Suzki cross-coupling to produce , or to , respectively. Compound was produced from

• br FXR Agonists Azepinol b indole hEC nM

  2022-02-04

  

  FXR Agonists Azepinol[4,5-b]indole 1 (hEC50=600nM, efficacy (eff)=100%) was identified as a FXR agonist lead from a high-throughput screening effort. Structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies around the azepine ring demonstrated that dialkyl substitution at C-1 led to a 30-fold improvement in

• Some of the key aspects

  2022-02-03

  

  Some of the key aspects of the myofibroblasts’ biology, including their signaling sensitivity and residual regenerative potential, are shaped by their origin. In this respect, lineage studies on myofibroblast precursors are critical for increasing our understanding of the natural history of fibrosis

• Previous research has suggested that

  2022-02-03

  

  Previous research has suggested that differences in spatiotemporal regulation of intracellular signaling pathways can confer specificity to cellular responses (Marshall, 1995). Conventional approaches based on gain- or loss-of-function genetic manipulations or small-molecule inhibitors, however, lac

• br Introduction Thrombosis is one of the

  2022-02-03

  

  Introduction Thrombosis is one of the leading causes of deaths in the cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction (MI), unstable prostaglandin agonist and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in developed countries [1], [2]. It is estimated that venous thromboembolism (VTE) afflicts about 1 m

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